Which type of map is characterized by preserving accurate directions?

The type of map characterized by preserving accurate directions is the azimuthal map. Azimuthal maps are designed so that a straight line drawn from the center point to any other point on the map represents the shortest distance between those two points, maintaining true direction from that center point. This quality makes azimuthal maps particularly useful for navigation and flight paths, as they allow users to easily identify the direction from one location to another with accuracy.

In contrast, conformal maps prioritize maintaining shapes and angles, but may distort distances and areas, especially as you move away from the equator. Gnomonic projections also have specific uses, such as plotting great circles, but they distort shapes and distances significantly as well. Topographic maps focus on representing physical terrain and features, showing elevation changes, but do not prioritize preserving direction in the same way that azimuthal maps do.

Thus, the emphasis on maintaining true direction is a defining feature of azimuthal maps, making them the correct choice in this context.