Which two French philosophers heavily influenced the French Revolution?

The significant influence of Montesquieu and Rousseau on the French Revolution stems from their philosophies regarding government, society, and human nature. Montesquieu introduced the concept of the separation of powers within government, arguing that the legislative, executive, and judicial branches should be distinctly separate to prevent abuse of power. This idea became a foundational principle for many democratic governments and was integral to the revolutionary ideals that sought to eliminate absolute monarchy and establish a more balanced government structure.

Rousseau, on the other hand, is known for his ideas on the social contract and popular sovereignty. He emphasized that legitimate political authority comes from the consent of the governed and that individuals must collectively agree to form a society that reflects the general will. His belief in equality and the notion that man is naturally good but corrupted by society resonated deeply with revolutionaries who were fighting against oppression and social inequality.

Together, Montesquieu's and Rousseau's ideas provided the philosophical underpinnings for the revolutionary movements and the eventual establishment of democratic ideals in France. Their works inspired both the leaders of the revolution and the common populace, fostering a climate ripe for significant social and political change.