What role did banks play during the economic crisis of the 1890s?

During the economic crisis of the 1890s, banks played a significant role in the worsening financial situation by collapsing under financial pressure. The crisis, known as the Panic of 1893, was marked by a severe economic downturn that led to bank failures across the country. Many banks had overextended themselves by lending to businesses and speculating in the stock market and real estate, which proved unsustainable when the economy faltered.

As banks failed, they caused a ripple effect throughout the economy, resulting in widespread unemployment and loss of savings for individuals and businesses. The collapse of these financial institutions contributed to the overall instability and reduced confidence in the banking system, deepening the economic malaise of the period.

This understanding highlights how the failure of banks was a direct consequence of the economic conditions of the time, contrasting with other potential responses that might suggest banks were expanding their role or stabilizing the economy.